Temperature and Moisture Gradients Drive the Shifts of the Bacterial Microbiomes in 1000-Year-Old Mausoleums

Cultural relics conservation and prevention from bacterial deterioration are critical for our historical heritage. Thus far, the variations of ecophysiological features deteriorating communities along gradients temperature moisture remain unclear. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to investigate changing pattern on bricks at different positions two such in Two Mausoleums Southern Tang Dynasty, which have more than 1000 years history. We found that tombs were inhabited by a phylogenetically functionally diverse microbiomes. Herein, Proteobacteria (34.5%), Cyanobacteria (31.3%), Bacteroidetes (7.8%) Actinobacteria (7.4%), as well ‘Amino Acid Metabolism (11.2%)’ ‘Carbohydrate (10.5%)’ accounted majorities their compositional functional profiles related biodeterioration. Non-metric scaling combination with PERMANOVA tests indicated shifts community compositions governed temperature, followed moisture. addition, tourism-related anthropogenic activities could played non-negligible roles assembly, especially areas account attractions (i.e., back room Qinling Mausoleum). Collectively, study advances knowledge regarding microbiomes cultural monuments, is essential relics.